Why We Have Factory Farming, and How to End It

Factory farming is defined as the extreme confinement of livestock for commercial use. This agricultural technique was invented by scientists in the 1960s in an effort to maximize efficiency and production so that farms could manage a growing population and higher demand for meat. It was designed to use as little space as possible, require less maintenance, and allow farmers to manage their animals quickly. Opposition Many people wonder why factory farming is still in effect. It probably comes as no surprise that a method that has been around for decades might not seem like the best answer anymore. Many ask what purpose this controversial technique serves. Animal rights activists protest factory farming for several reasons. They continue to demand freedom and comfort for the livestock on factory farms and for farmers to cease the use of synthetic hormones. These protestors also argue that the mistreatment and slaughter of animals for human consumption is inhumane and morally wrong. Environmentalists also take issue with factory farms for their negative impact on the earth. These farms release huge amounts of methane gas and waste into the land, air, and sea and their emissions are not closely monitored. There are plenty of people who oppose the goliath factory farms, so why is factory farming still around? Why Factory Farming Is Still Around The answer is simple: scientists, economists, and farmers agree that factory farming is still the only way to keep up. The fact of the matter is that, while the demand for commercially produced, affordable meat may be decreasing, it is still high, primarily because there are more people on the planet than ever before. Consumer awareness regarding the consumption of animal products is on the rise and thousands have been convinced to stop eating meat, but vegetarians and vegans are far outnumbered by the millions of people that make meat-eating a part of their daily routine. Aside from the fact that people just like meat, there are a number of logistical reasons for keeping this old technique alive. Logistics There are countless alternatives to factory farming available, but there are a few reasons that they are not being executed on a larger scale. Organic and free-range farming is often high maintenance and costly. Allowing cows, pigs, and chickens to roam free requires much more land, water, food, labor, and other resources than factory farming. Roaming animals consume more in general than feedlot animals because they are expending energy through exercise. Their frequent movement also makes them susceptible to changes in their fat and muscle makeup, which need to be closely monitored in order to keep the animals suitable for human consumption. Grass-fed and pasture-raised animals present similar issues. Animals on a grass diet gain weight slower than they would if they were eating a manufactured, concentrated feed designed to encourage speedy maturation. Their bodies are even more prone to frequent changes with as much ground as they tend to cover in a day. Furthermore, rounding up and transporting roaming animals requires manpower, time, and fuel. With an estimated 7.5 billion hungry mouths to feed as of 2019, many non-commercial farming methods are not feasible for satisfying consumer demand. Large livestock farms desire high production and low cost above all else, and alternatives to factory farming are unappealing because they significantly decrease efficiency and profit. Possible Solutions Those in favor of and those opposed to factory farming might be able to find some common ground somewhere in between eating commercially raised meat daily and becoming vegan. Many impassioned activists have proposed that everyone should transition to veganism and stop the production of meat altogether, but this is just not an option for everybody. Meat and dairy are excellent sources of protein and most people rely on animal products for part or most of their diet. In addition, vegan alternatives on the market carry a price tag that is well out of reach for many, making the consumption of animal products non-negotiable for the vast majority of the population. What You Can Do There are a few practices that you can adopt to help mitigate the problems that factory farming presents. By making intentional choices about where your food is coming from and how you interact with the planet, you can make positive change without having to sacrifice your entire lifestyle. Purchase Meat Locally By purchasing meat from small, local farms, you can know more about how it gets to your table. If mistreatment of animals and a high carbon footprint are problematic for you, steer clear of factory farms and opt instead for sustainable farms where you can ask questions about how animals are raised and how waste is disposed of. Reduce Your Intake of Unsustainable Meats If youre willing to cut back on meat in your diet, prioritize eliminating meats that are the most harmful to the environment. Lamb, beef, and pork do the most damage to the planet through their production, manufacturing, and transport. The most environmentally-friendly choice of meat is poultry, with chicken being the most sustainable option of them all. Be Kinder to the Environment You can make other eco-friendly choices that arent even related to eating meat. Taking up practices like recycling and composting can make a positive difference and you should use reusable products whenever you can. You can also try carpooling or public transportation to reduce your own carbon emissions.

Housing Issues South Africa - 7704 Words

ARTICLE IN PRESS Habitat International 31 (2007) 291–302 www.elsevier.com/locate/habitatint Sustainable urban development? Low-cost housing challenges in South Africa Allison GoebelÃÆ' Environmental Studies and Women’s Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada K7L 3N6 Abstract Low-cost housing provision has been a major focus of government in post-apartheid urban South Africa. While successes can be noted, there is growing concern regarding the social and environmental sustainability of housing programs and the impacts upon both the surrounding environment and human health. Utilizing key informant interviews, survey research, Census data and documentary review, this essay identiï ¬ es the major impediments to a sustainable low-cost†¦show more content†¦Government responded to these emerging problems, and to the pressures of NGO and community groups, making some changes to housing policy. For example, the support for people’s participation in the 1994 policy was deepened after the Habitat II conference of 1996, when South Africa adopted a ‘‘Habitat Agenda’’. The Agenda promotes a ‘‘people’s housing process’’ approach, meant to support local people’s initiatives and sustainability in housing (Huchzermeyer, 2001, p. 323). However, government also responded to the Habitat Agenda with the Urban Development Framework (1997), which critics on the left say supports market-led urban development and reform (Huchzermeyer, 2001, p. 320). Informal settlements, or shack dwellings have caused much government debate, with forced removal policies being displaced by other, less draconian models. The new Department of Housing plan Breaking New Ground (released in September 2004) demonstrates some of this new openness to diversity in low-cost housing approaches (DOH, 2004a). Furthermore, a ‘‘Housing Indaba’’ held in September 2005, bringing together stakeholders in low-cost housing from government, the private sector, civil society and academia, identiï ¬ ed as the ï ¬ rst of their ‘‘Targets’’: ‘‘The removal or improvement of all slums in South Africa as rapidly as possible, but not later than 2 014.’’2 New governmentShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Housing in Cape Town, South Africa804 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction In the 1990s, Housing program in South Africa in general, and in Cape Town in particular, was still influenced by earlier housing policies and constrained by the pattern of low-income urban settlement inherited from the apartheid era, the main issue was the provision of houses for the poorest growing population, the outline of the governments’ approach to this issue is the concept of state assisted self help housing and commitment of incremental approach to housing, this policy has underminedRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Beloved Country by Alan Paton is a stunning and all too accurate depiction of apartheid in South Africa. 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Introduction This strategic implementation plan below represents recommendations for the local economic development for the city of Johannesburg South Africa. These recommendations are put forward to identify local strategies and actions that may be used to assist with the retention of workers within the South African economy, grow the work force and maximize opportunities for economic growth. . Local economic development involves identifying and utilizing local resources in creating opportunitiesRead MoreArchbishop Desmond Tutu on the South African Government1235 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In one of his speeches, Archbishop Desmond Tutu suggested that the South African government should promulgate legislation which will impose the beneficiaries of apartheid in South Africa have to pay a special tax, which ultimately facilitates transformative constitutionalism. 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Information System Development McDonald

Question: Task 1JournalPrepare a journal which records your activities and progress related to completing this assignment. In date order, clearly list the following: Date of research activity/discussion Topic researched or discussed Time duration of the activity.Task 2Use of Mobile Applications in Service Industry You have been engaged as an external Information Technology consultant to advise the organization on the implementation and use of mobile applications by an organization for its operations and to enhance its business. Write a report of your work to the CEO to present your findings, views and recommendations as follows: Part 1: Background of organizationDescribe the background of the selected organization in terms of the following key features: corporate mission, structure, major business processes, business strategy and relationship with external entities e.g. other organizations, government etc. Provide its homepage URL.Part 2: Potential areas of the use of mobile applications in th e organizationIdentify five business processes supported by IT (Information Technology) in the organization for which the use of mobile applications is an important issue. Provide examples from the literature e.g. newspapers, academic/professional publications etc, to reinforce your argument.Part 3: Issues and challengesHighlight the issues and challenges that the organization that you have selected has to address in the implementation of mobile applications for its business. Explain how this is relevant in the organization of your choice and discuss their likely impacts on the organization that you have chosen.Part 4: Recommendations Propose specific actions that the organization that you have selected should take to counter any negative effects from the implementation of mobile applications. Answer: Task 1: Date of research Researched topics Duration of time taken 6/3/2015 Doing the basic research about some of the organizations and then it needs to select the organization. Then I choose the McDonalds of Malaysia to complete this assignment in a proper way because McDonalds is one of the best franchising organization of the world. 6 hours 7/3/2015 After the selection of the organization McDonalds it requires doing the proper research about all the background of the McDonalds by considering the following features which includes the corporate structure, mission, major process of business, structure, strategy of doing the business and also the relationship with some of the external entities and also describes how they maintain the relationship with the customer by always giving the happiness to the customer and also the process how they attracts the large numbers of the customer towards McDonalds. 4 hours 8/3/2015 After the description about the background of the organization it needs to do the identification of the five potential areas where the use of the mobile application is needed and the use of the mobile application becomes one of the most important issues. The five potential areas needs to be in such way that it are supported by the IT applications of the McDonalds. 9 hours To do the identification of the potential areas which it needs to take in to counter first there is the requirement to do the proper evaluation of the all the potential area of the problems where there is the possibility of the problems to occurs. 9/3/2015 After doing the proper identification of the potential areas and also gaining the ideas where the mobile application is needed it requires to do analyze of all the issues and the challenges the developer are facing at the time of developing and implementing the mobile apps. 12 hours 11/3/2015 The developer needs to provide some of the recommendations which get more important that the developer needs to remember at the time of doing the development and the implementation of the mobile application so that it becomes very easy and also less time consuming for the employees as well as the customers. The mobile application needs to be in such way that it becomes more user friendly to the customer with the availability of the graphical interface and also it can guides the customer what to do next. 19 hours 12/3/2015 The developer of the mobile apps also needs to do the proper encounter of the specific negative impacts which will occurs at the time of the implementations of the mobile apps and then also needs to do the required changes so that the customer can. The mobile apps need to have that much of the availability so that it can give the entire customer the 24 hours support. It also gives the availability to provide the feedback and also the re views to the customer so that it becomes easy for both the customers and the employees of McDonalds to do the proper changes where it is needed. 21 hours Task 2 Introduction The mobile application is mostly refers to as an app which is the most common type of the application software and are designed in that way so that it can run on the mobile device. The mobile application is basically served all the users with some of the similar services which are basically available on the PC. The mobile application is mostly known as an app, smart phones app, and the online app etc. the most simple mobile apps which takes most the pc based application into accounts and also port them into the mobile phones. The mobile android apps needs to be designed in such way that the objects gets more available by the graphical interface of the menus and the buttons. The mobile apps needs to be designed in such way that it keeps it in a brief manner and also needs to implement the pictures more than the words so that it becomes easier for the users to access. In this assignment it is basically describes the organization which is chosen to complete the whole assignment. It also needs to discuss all the potential areas where the mobile application is used in this particular organization. In the third part it critically discusses about all the issues and the challenges which are occurs at the time of the development of the mobile application in the background of the businesses and also needs to describe how relevantly it creates the impacts on the organization. In the fourth or last part after critically discussing all the issues and the challenges the recommendation which is based on the discussion are analyzed (Zhang, 2014). Organization background To carry on this assignment here the organization McDonalds of Malaysia is taken into account. Mc Donalds is basically the chain of the restaurant in whole over the world. It is established and also running since 1955 and also serving the whole world with their food in a greater extent. McDonalds continues to be familiar as one of the franchising company in whole over the world. They also release some of the publications of the magazines which tell about the franchising of the McDonalds whole over the world and also tell about the international franchising. McDonald is more committed in providing some of the best quality of the food and also the superior types of the customer support by giving the great value of the clean and the suitable environment (Williams-Lee, 2008). In the level of the restaurant of whole over the world, McDonalds is mainly focused on doing the conservation of the energy, sustainable types of the packaging, more eco friendly and also the more profitable busines s. They always customize their menu, modernize the experience of the customer and also broaden the accessibility of the brand due to which the consumers can do more enjoy with the availability of the McDonalds experience. It has their specific values which tell about how they are committed to their customer which also includes cleanliness, service, and value every time and also the unmatched quality. They also operate their business more ethically and also grow the business more profitability. They also endeavor continually to improve. The mission statement of the Mc Donald organization tells about to become the customers favorite place and also the way to eat. In the McDonalds the inclusion and the diversity are both the parts of the culture which they take into counter. They also needs to give the proper look after both the external partnerships and also the internal programs which helps to develop the partnerships with some of the key organizations in the support of the brand nam e of McDonalds. in the internal key basis it support the quality coaching, mentoring and also the relevant types of the education so that their employees can give the better supports to the customers as per their needs (Kowang, Rasli Sang Long, 2014). Use of the mobile application in the McDonald Now days the use of the mobile becomes one of the vital part of the daily life of the people because the mobile device becomes the one of the most available common place where the user gets everything. The availability of the numerous mobile apps assists the users by giving some of the gathering of the information, possibility of the communication, reference, maintenance and the access of the information in a very less time. Mc Donalds needs to develop the apps which are gets available in most of the version of the android and the smart phones so that it becomes easy to place the orders in a less time and also when ever and where ever it is needed. There are some of the business processes which are supported by the Information Technology application in the organization and for which the use of the mobile application becomes the one of the most important concern which is discussed below (Kang, 2014): Productivity Due to the implementation of the mobile application in the organization Mc Donald it improves the productivity of the organization to a greater extent. The availability of this mobile apps helps to attract the large numbers of the customers to their restaurant. It also helps the employees of the organization by documenting the various types of the software like quick office pro etc from the mobile systems. It also helps the customers by providing some of the special keynote, numbers and also if any of the special offers if available and also for how long the offers are valid so that the customers have the very much knowledge about all the changes which are happening in the organization. By this availability they also can grab the large numbers of the customers to their organization which helps them to extent their productivity and also helps them to improve the rate of the profit (Jia, Lin Feng, 2014). Collaboration Through the availability of the features of doing the collaboration in the mobile apps it helps all the individuals of the organization to do the together for any of the common business purpose at any time and also anywhere in the place. With the availability of the collaboration features in the mobile application it also helps the employees to share the virtual work place so that they can always do their work. Through the collaboration technique the employees of the organization always remain in contact with the customer and also have the availability to give the 24 hours customer support with the enough knowledge on the basis of the queries of the customer. With the collaboration technique all the employees are remain proactively engaged with others and also negotiate and collaborate together to find the better alternatives of any of the problems which the organization are facing (Fathy, Hassan, Sheta Bahgat, 2014). Remote access of the workstation With the improvement of the technologies the employees of the organization gets the availability of doing the remote access of the server and the work station form any of the place and also any of the time which improves the productivity of the business and also helps the employees to grab the large numbers of the customers and also helps the customer any time when they needs the help of the employees of the organization. Due to the availability of the remote accession of the work station the employees can also do their work if they are not present in the place (Thenkabail, 2014). This app also helps the organization to grab the large numbers of the customers because the customer needs to wait to place any of the orders. This remote access of the work station helps the financial services to deliver the high level performance to the multi displays workstation to the customers. Remote access application of the work station helps the employees to decrea se the processing time for doing the transaction and also keeps the environment proactive by limiting the downtime of the users (Fathy, Hassan, Sheta Bahgat, 2014). Reshaping the back office work With the context of the mobile application in the workplace and also by the implementation of the remote wireless capabilities, the back office functions are also reshaped. With the business process reengineering they also seek the high type of the centralization in the coordination so that all the back office works of the organization can also be done form the remote place. Through this it also expected to get more involved in the sales of the product and also by getting the central experts which supports the mobile employees in the context of any specific problems (Davis, Rinaldi Trebilcock, 1981). Integration of the end customers and the business partners With the availability of the mobile application the organization are conducting the mobile business process reengineering so that it can integrate the more numbers of the end customers and the business partners. It also derives the transfers of the tasks which are performed in the normal basis from the internal staff to the responsibilities of the end customers and the business personnel (Connally, 2014). Issues and the challenges of the mobile application in McDonalds Some of the basic issues and the challenges which the organization McDonalds is facing in implementing the mobile application are discussed below (Kang, 2014): User interface- The issues related to the user interface of the mobile application is one of the most concerned issues. McDonalds needs to look after that the user interface of the application which they are developing needs to be more users friendly that the customer can use the application more easily (Steiner, 2014). The user interface basically acts as the cross platform between the application and the users. The user interface of the mobile apps creates the difference between the internal users and the external users. The user interface of the developed apps should be in such way that all the menus, dialog box, icons and the bitmaps are get easily available so that the customers of the McDonalds can easily do what they want to do with the less time consuming (Abdullah Aljbori, K Guirguis M Madbouly, 2014). Security Security is also one of the important issues which McDonalds is facing in implementing the mobile application. The developer of the mobile apps needs to keep notice also in the security issues so that it can protects the mobile apps to getting hacked by the unauthorized users. The security part of the issues needs to be designed in such a way that the customer can only access the user interface through which they only can see the web page of the application and only can place the orders (Pagano, n.d.). The security needs to be designed in such way that the customer cant do any of the other accession of the mobile apps. In the security issues it also concerned about the encryption of the mobile application so that the customers cannot do any of the changes with the mobile application. The presence of the encryption techniques help to make sure that the data cannot be getting stole or lost form the device. The developer also needs to concerned the some other options so that i t can prevents and protect the data from getting lost and also gets hacked by the unauthorized users (Floyd, 2006). Accession of data Data related to any of the issues of the apps might exist in the back end of the database. The customer does not have the accession of the data only the employees of the McDonalds can have the full accession of the database. At the time of developing the database the developer needs to determine whether the data get stored in the native file system of the devices (Oberle, 2014). For instance if a sales person wants to download the update list of the inventory in the mobile device can proceed into the territory with the patterned connection of the apps which cannot be access by the customer. Customers also have some of the access through which they can view the price, category of the products which they want to place in order. Through this availability the developed mobile apps attracts the customers and also makes easier for the customer so that they can place the order more easily without the less consuming of the time (Hang, Chen Hou, 2012). Display resolution The developer of the apps also needs to keep notice into the facts of the resolution of the display. They need to make the apps in such a way with the low resolution so that it can get supportable in all the displays of the android phones (Sassi et al., 2014). As a result, with the variation of the display resolution of the phones does not cause any differences in the user interface of the phone so that the customer can easily do their work what they want to do in the apps. The resolution displays of the apps in such a way that the apps can get supported also in the small screen size of the phones and also does not cause any of the effects in the usability of the mobile applications (Homburg, Wilczek Hahn, 2014). Connectivity The developer also needs to keep notice at the time of developing the apps so that the developed apps can easily gets connected with the availability of the low range connection of the internet. The connectivity problem may also cause the impact on the downloading time and in the quality of streamlining the media. The strength of signaling and the rate of the data transfer in the basis of the wireless network vary on the basis of the different locations, time composited by the mobility users (Knig-Ries, 2009). Mobile context It is defined as any of the information which is characterized by the interaction between the applications, users and also the environment which is surrounded. It also includes the objects, environmental elements etc which helps all the customer of the McDonalds in such a way that they dont required to go through the complex criteria of the apps to place the orders, to give the feedback and also to get the customer support (Hong Kim, 2014). Limited capacity processing The developer of the apps of the mobile of McDonalds needs to keep notice in the computational power and also the memory capacity of the android devices so that the apps get supported in to the mobile device. The processing capacity of the apps will be in such a way that the customer needs not face any of the problem at the time of downloading and also the time of viewing the web page of the McDonalds (Hypponen, 2000). Recommendations Some of the specific actions which the McDonalds needs to take into account on the basis of all the challenges and the issues which they are facing at the time developing and also implementing the mobile applications are given below (Lee Kim, 2011): Recommendation 1: In the first recommendation it tells all about how the developer solve the problems of the user interface by making it more user friendly to the customer by using the graphical interface so that the customer can get easily guided with the help of the interface which can easily guide the customer what to do next and also where to go to place some of the orders (Munro, 2014). Recommendation 2: In the second recommendation it tells whole about the security issues how the developer needs to look after the security concern at the time of the development of the mobile application so that any of the unauthorized users can do the access any of the confidential documents of the McDonalds. They also need to make the apps more secure so that the hacker cannot hack the apps more easily and also cannot do any of the changes in the implementation of the apps and also can do any updating and the deletion of any of the confidential files and the folders from the web page of the apps. They also give only the authority to visit the web pages and also to place the orders (Lin, Huang, Wright Kambourakis, 2014). Recommendation 3: In the third recommendation it tells about how the developer needs to keep notice that they can make any of the features so that it can only give the authority to access the database to the employees of the McDonalds so that only they can access the databases of the McDonalds and also they have the capability to do any updating, modifying in the database where it needed. The customers and the users only have the authorization to view and to do the proper valuation of the data and also can place the orders with their own choice by the mobile application which consumes less time in placing the orders. (Noto, Mazhar, Gnadt Kanwal, 2014) Recommendation 4: In the fourth part of the recommendation the developer needs to look after the resolution issues of the developed apps so that the apps which they developed can get supported by the all versions of the android phones and also needs to set the resolution of the apps in such way that it can get supported and also get viewed by all the version of the android phones and also get supported by the low screen sized phones so that the customer does not face any of the problems in placing the orders and also in giving any of the feedback about the implemented apps and also gets the customer support in the constant basis (Lin, Huang, Wright Kambourakis, 2014). Recommendation 5: They also need to look after the connectivity part of the implemented apps so that the apps can get easily connected with the internet network also with the low bandwidth of the connection which helps the customer. The developer needs to make the apps gets suitable in such way that it can get available in all the connection of the internet. The rate of the data transfer and the connection are needs to base on the wireless connectivity so that it becomes easy for the customer in such way that they can place the orders when ever and also where ever it is needed (MA, MENG JIANG, 2013). Recommendation 6: There also needs to have the availability of the mobile context so that the customer also can get the entire mobile context in the developed apps and also have the ideas what to do next. It also includes all the objects and the environmental apps which help the customer to give the feedback and also they can get any of the customer supports where it needed (Llana, 2002). Recommendation 7: The developer needs to keep in notice all the computational power and the capacity of the mobile in such way that it can get available in all the phones. The developer also needs to keep the processing capacity in such way that the customer does not face any problem in doing any of the downloading and the uploading for the customers and also the employees of the organization McDonalds (Mao Liu, 2014). Conclusion By concluding the whole above study of the development and the implementation of the mobile apps in the context of the McDonalds it does the critical analysis of all the potential areas of the business processes where the use of the mobile application becomes one of the most important issue (Shahzad Hussain, 2013). Then it also do the proper analyze of the issues and the challenges which they are facing and also needs to considers at the time of the development and the implementation of the mobile applications in doing the business and it also discuss the impacts of the application of the mobile in the context of the business process reengineering ('Mobile Security: How to secure, privatize and recover your devices', 2014). At the last after discussing all the issues and challenges they are facing at the time of implementing the apps it requires providing some of the recommendations and also needs to propose some of the specific actions by encountering all the negative impacts of th e implementations of the mobile applications. In the above recommendation part it gives some of the recommendation by doing the proper analyze of all the issues and challenges which the developers are facing at the time of the development and the implementation of the mobile application for McDonalds. 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International Journal Of Mobile Communications, 12(4), 360. doi:10.1504/ijmc.2014.063653 Kang, S. (2014). Factors influencing intention of mobile application use. International Journal Of Mobile Communications, 12(4), 360. doi:10.1504/ijmc.2014.063653 Knig-Ries, B. (2009). Challenges in Mobile Application Development. It - Information Technology, 51(2). doi:10.1524/itit.2009.9055 Kowang, T., Rasli, A., Sang Long, C. (2014). New Product Development in Malaysia: Does Organizational Background Really Matter?. Jurnal Teknologi, 68(3). doi:10.11113/jt.v68.2956 Lee, S., Kim, K. (2011). Mobile agent based framework for mobile ubiquitous application development. Telecommunication Systems, 51(2-3), 137-146. doi:10.1007/s11235-011-9423-6 Lin, Y., Huang, C., Wright, M., Kambourakis, G. (2014). Mobile Application Security. Computer, 47(6), 21-23. doi:10.1109/mc.2014.156 Lin, Y., Huang, C., Wright, M., Kambourakis, G. (2014). Mobile Application Security. Computer, 47(6), 21-23. doi:10.1109/mc.2014.156 Llana, A. (2002). Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and Mobile Wireless Access. Information Systems Security, 11(3), 14-21. doi:10.1201/1086/43321.11.3.20020708/37895.3 MA, Y., MENG, X., JIANG, D. (2013). Mobile Application Integration: Framework, Techniques and Challenges. Chinese Journal Of Computers, 36(7), 1375-1387. doi:10.3724/sp.j.1016.2013.01375 Mao, X., Liu, J. (2014). Research on Integrated Application of Multi-Display Technology in the Mobile Terminal. AMR, 989-994, 3411-3414. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3411 Mobile Security: How to secure, privatize and recover your devices. (2014). Network Security, 2014(2), 4. doi:10.1016/s1353-4858(14)70017-0 Munro, K. (2014). Android scraping: accessing personal data on mobile devices. Network Security, 2014(11), 5-9. doi:10.1016/s1353-4858(14)70111-4 Noto, C., Mazhar, S., Gnadt, J., Kanwal, J. (2014). A flexible user-interface for audiovisual presentation and interactive control in neurobehavioral experiments. F1000research. doi:10.12688/f1000research.2-20.v3 Oberle, C. (2014). Business Strategies: Increasing Brand Trust Among Utility Customers Lowers Costs and Turnover. Nat. Gas Elec., 31(3), 20-23. doi:10.1002/gas.21789 Pagano, M. Financial Disclosure with Limited Processing Capacity. SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1659373 Sassi, A., Pyhnen, P., Jakonen, S., Suomi, S., Capin, T., Hkkinen, J. (2014). Enhanced user performance in an image gallery application with a mobile autostereoscopic touch display. Displays, 35(3), 152-158. doi:10.1016/j.displa.2014.05.003 Shahzad, A., Hussain, M. (2013). Security Issues and Challenges of Mobile Cloud Computing. International Journal Of Grid And Distributed Computing, 6(6), 37-50. doi:10.14257/ijgdc.2013.6.6.04 Steiner, P. (2014). Going beyond mobile device management. 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Tracer Study free essay sample

This Chapter presents the background of the study, problem and its significance, and the scope and delimitation of the study. Introduction It must be acknowledge that University of La Salette has some of the best and finest education institutions in Philippines with well-equipped workshops and laboratories, internship programmes and professionally staffed with a variety of scholarly professionals. These institutions turn out a large number of diplomats, graduates and post graduate students in various disciplines and professions. In addition these institutions reform their curricula and course programmes at regular intervals to be able to keep abreast with the needs of the rapid technological, societal and institutional changes to be able to meet the requirement of the clients.For students to be trained under an instructor in a practical setting of a restaurant or any other similar establishment, the right mindset and attitude must be present. The performance of a student in managing even just a small business serves as an enhancement of his knowledge and skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Tracer Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It works as a substantial internship for future work and management.For the purpose of this discussion tracer study will be taken to mean: A period when institutions of learning set up regular intervals of time to venture into the field and follow their past graduates to find out what are they doing with the training they received and find out from them how best they think the institutions who trained them will be able to help them upgrade their acquired knowledge and skills through the reform and innovation of curricula and course programmes including school-based or work-based professional development to live up to the expectations of the constantly changing technological and scientific working environment and employer demands. From the basis of the above definition, a tracer study should examine, though in-depth investigation, all the changes in the career patterns of the graduates who have passed through an institution with the aim to provide additional support services as well as the change in the curricula and then introduction of new programmes.

Outline and Evaluate Msm Essay Example

Outline and Evaluate Msm Essay Example Outline and Evaluate Msm Essay Outline and Evaluate Msm Essay Psychology Outline and evaluate the multi-store model The MSM was created by Atkinson and Shiffrin  (1968) who suggested that memory was comprised of three separate stores. They were; sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory. The model shows how information is transferred between the three stores. The model simply shows that when your are given information of environmental stimuli it will enter your sensory memory and only if you pay attention will it enter your short term memory, which has a capacity of 7+/- 2 bits of information. The information can last up to 18 seconds, without rehearsal. STM is encoded mainly acoustically, however sometimes it is done visually. If maintenance rehearsal takes place it will remain in STM or be forgotten due to displacement or decay. Elaborative rehearsal will transfer information into LTM which has unlimited capacity and can last a lifetime. LTM is encoded mainly semantically. The retrieval of information from LTM to STM can happen when needed. This model is a linear model because the information just passes through the model one way. A particular strength of this model is that it is high in ecologically validity and therefore can be applied to everyday life. A good example is the case study of H. M. who had brain surgery to cure severe epilepsy but this resulted in the inability to transfer information from STM to LTM so that he could not form long term memories, supporting the concept that the MSM is not a unitary model. Another example is the lab experiment of Glanzer and Cuntiz (1966) who found that participants who were asked to remember lists of words could remember the first and last few words but the ones in the middle were more difficult. This would show that the first words in the list have been stored in LTM whereas the last words are still in STM. A weakness of this model is that the scientific evidence which supports this model lacks validity because it is carried out as a lab experiment. This is an artificial environment and the participants have to remember information which isn’t important to remember in everyday life e. g. trigrams. Another weakness of this model is that it is a much too simply explained because it explains STM and LTM however hardly describes them as fixed structures and does not take into account that there are different types of them e. g. for LTM the different types of structures are procedural or episodic.

Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Example

Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Example Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay The construction of the Travel and Tourism industry consists of six constituents ATTRACTIONS are either natural in themselves or are man-made.It is easy to believe of natural attractive forces eg Lake District or Blackpool Beach that has some 6million visitants each year.Man-made attractive forces are constructed for tourists.Alton Towers is a genuinely celebrated subject park full of activities for the family.Other really celebrated attractive forces are the London Eye, Tower of London.TRANSPORT signifiers at least 25 % of a tourer s spending for a trip and with many ways of acquiring around it forms a critical function in the touristry industry.In order to acquire to their finish it normally involves at least two signifiers of transport.The British public expect a high criterion of service affecting all signifiers of travel information. The rail web has been extensively modernised with many private companies viing with each other, such asVirgin, GNER and Eurostar.Over 5million riders travel each twelvemonth with Eurostar through the channel tunnel.Train journeying has declined slightly but some services are paying their way.Coach travel has ever been an indispensable and popular signifier of conveyance enabling the populace to go at highly low cost, including abroad.National Express and Eurolines carry more than 12million riders a twelvemonth to over 1200 finishs. Air travel may dwell of scheduled flights winging to strict timetables, particularly good for concern people. There are charter flights with planes hired for certain journeys at no set time.Some big circuit operators own their ain charter airlines.More than 75 % of all bundle vacations use air travel. The sea ferries have become really popular for sing Ireland and France.There is besides the Hovercraft.Cruising around the Mediterranean has maintained its worth with P A ; O.ACCOMODATION is of course highly of import to the travel and touristry industry.The overall criterions of hotels and B A ; Bs has greatly improved.Travel hostel, campgrounds, trains and self-catering Villas all contribute to the industry.Over recent old ages self-catering where you provide your ain nutrient and repasts has grown in popularity.Half-board offers you breakfast and tea with full-board providing everything. Tour OPERATORS produce vacations in the signifier of a package.A contract is negotiated with adjustment and conveyance providers.Buying in majority reduces overhead costs and the vacation is presented as a booklet to the travel agents, and so sold ; either straight or via the agent.There are four major circuit operators, they are My Travel and First Choice, Thomson and Thomas Cook.Collectively these are known as TUI.It is an illustration of perpendicular integration.It operates at more than one degree of the vacation chain.Examples of mass market providers are Thomas Cook, Thomson, First Choice. Provision is made for bureau and circuit operating services with call Centres and operational airlines.The circuit trade names are good known.The balance of the market consists of little, average sized operations normally making concern for a little specialized patronages such as the singles market or gourmet cooking holidaies. The Travel and Tourism industry has changed dramatically as a con sequence of the sum of integration.Integration has both a positive and negative consequence on the industry. With perpendicular integrating an administration buys another at a different degree on the purchasing chain.An illustration is Thomson who bought Britannia Airways together with Lunn Poly the travel agent.Britannia Airways is allowed by the parent to offer lower fares.The circuit operator makes more net income ; but the travel agent merely receives a low rate of committee go forthing most of the net income to the tour operator.Integration is advantageous if it permits the administration to command pricing and communicates good with every degree of such a concatenation. Horizontal integrating, less common, occurs when an administration buys another that is on the same degree of the purchasing concatenation. Go one time owned by British Airways was bought out by EasyJet. This move resulted in power stigmatization where all Son of Go became that of EasyJet.This occurred a negative impact with customers.Prices were able to be controlled by EasyJet ; yet the end point for EasyJet is more market infinite for self-promotion. Tour operators have a much larger market portion than travel agents.Thus upon integrating with a circuit operator the agent sells and promotes the services of the operator.The rate of committee is in the control of the circuit operator. The independent travel agents are earnestly affected by integration.The circuit operators and air hoses will sell their merchandises over the cyberspace straight. As a consequence niche markets are developing to run into the demands of the clients in the high street who prefer personal attending in such affairs. The air hoses have besides been affected by integration.British Airways tried to unify with American Airlines but IATA said no, because such a coupling would rule wholly transatlantic flights. Horizontal and perpendicular integrating has significantly reduced competition within the industry.The demand from the populace has set a pattern.Smaller companies are non traveling to be able to cope.A big administration can absorb failure impact if the agreement does non work but for a smaller company such failure would spell ruin. Travel Agents do their occupation of selling the brochures.This is the nexus between circuit operators and the public.They normally cater for specializer holidays.There are multiple travel agents with bureaus all around the UK.The most celebrated are Traveling Topographic points, Thomson and Lunn Poly.There are miniples dwelling of approximately 20 to thirty shops.Independent travel agents are little and household owned.Very popular are Call Centres where the client can book a vacation by phone. Tourism AND DEVELOPMENT situated all over the state guarantee that prospective visitants learn of their location and all it has to offer by extended advertisement and publicity work with handiness for advice and information including the capableness to set about research.Blue Badge ushers have really intensive and specific preparation to supply Tourss of their several parts for visitors.A concatenation of distribution therefore comes into being by which a merchandise eg a bundle vacation is distributed from the principal/producer to the tourist/consumer.This occurs really frequently via the circuit operators and travel agents ( jobbers and retail merchants ) . There are services related to the Travel and Tourism industry provided by public, private and voluntary.Public sector services are accountable to elected bodies.Most are non-profit making.Local governments support touristry information centres.Visit Britain is an illustration of the Public Sector.Its aims are to advance Britain as a tourer finish to abroad clients and to promote domestic clients to take more frequent and longer vacations within the state ; to supply advice and support for broader authorities aims ; for other tourer boards to spouse them in constructing a touristry industry within the state ; and for its staff, to accomplish ends by using resources more expeditiously, through openness, handiness, professionalism, answerability and reactivity. The private sector consists of a battalion of commercial companies whose purpose is of course to bring forth net income in services and merchandises provided for their customers.Household names include Thomas Cook, Rank and Granada.These contribute significantly to the wealth of the UK. Voluntary sector administrations consist basically of voluntary staff.Their position is of a charity runing on a non-profit footing. They may hold rate and VAT alleviation on any investings, sedimentations or covenants.If registered as charities they have to fulfill certain conditions.Objectives may be charitable, with intents good on behalf of the communities they serve. Without the Tourist would be no tourer industry so what is of particular involvement to which there are many unreciprocated inquiries is the phenomena of mass flows of tourers as to their beginnings and other related affairs of interest.A systems attack is favoured, and that of Leiper s system lends itself to unclutter thought heuristic In Leiper s basic touristry system there are three defined geographical regions/entities.They consist of the Traveller bring forthing regions.The Tourist finish parts and the Transit path parts The travel and touristry industry concerns itself with free flow circulation and the activities of the tourer within the three defined parts. The bring forthing part is where there is readying for the journey with attendant reaching at a destination.The bring forthing part pushes motive towards travel.Here they make their engagement and look into out.Destination is where the tourer really becomes a tourer ; it is where the touristry activity occurs.Here directo rs consequence their strategies.Geographically the pull factor is variable, dependent upon the existent location.Demand is created here.The theodolite part encompasses all topographic points visited along the manner to the existent destination.It should be self apparent that one portion of such a system can non work without the others. Europe, Australasia and Indonesia, Philippines with Brunei are the push parts for Singapore for example.Many tourers within the assortment of flows sing the state will utilize it as a halt over location.

Ethical Dilemmas in Psych-Article Critique Assignment

Ethical Dilemmas in Psych-Article Critique - Assignment Example The experiment was also approved by Stanford’s Human Subjects Review Committee (the university’s equivalent to an IRB), the Stanford Psychology Department, and by the Navy, who funded much of the study. The APA, at Zimbardo’s request, conducted an ethics evaluation in 1973 and concluded that all existing ethical guidelines had been followed (O’Toole, 1997). Like in the case of Milgrim’s famous study on authority conducted a few years earlier, which has been compared to the Zimbardo study, there are those who believe that this study would have never passed an IRB’s scrutiny today. Zimbardo himself felt that there was much about this study that was unethical. In his book The Lucifer Effect (2007), Zimbardo even apologized for conducting it. He believed that it was unethical because of the suffering it inflicted on its participants and stated, "I was guilty of the sin of omission—the evil of inaction—of not providing adequate overs ight and surveillance when it was required†¦The findings came at the expense of human suffering. I am sorry for that and to this day apologize for contributing to this inhumanity." (181, 235) PINNEBAKER (1997) James W. Pennebaker’s article (1997), â€Å"Writing About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process,† is a literature review. ... One of the most interesting studies he discusses is the study in which patients used a â€Å"magic pad;† researchers found that there were as much positive effects as therapy modes in which they received feedback from a therapist. Pennebaker’s thesis of his article seems to be that there needs to be some kind of physical activity in the disclosure of trauma and to remedy inhibition; what form the activity takes does not matter, as long as it occurs. Pennebaker, in his discussion of the research about writing, does not state if the evaluators followed ethical guidelines, but since they all occurred in laboratory and university settings, it can be assumed that they were all brought before IRBs or similar authorizing committees. It can also be assumed that all participants granted informed consent. It does not seem that other than a few tears, much harm occurred as a result of their participation in any of these studies. Some emotional pain is expected when disclosing trau matic experiences, and in most cases, the release of emotional pain is therapeutic. Most members of IRBs, who are most likely also counselors or those familiar with the counseling process, would understand this when faced with approving these kinds of studies, so passing them was probably an easy process. Pennebaker makes it clear that more studies on the therapeutic benefits of writing needs to be conducted. This article and the studies he discusses support the importance of putting language to traumatic experiences, whether by talking about them, writing about them, and even better, by doing both. MIDDLEMAST (1976) R. Dennis Middlemast’s study (1976) was conducted in 1974, like the Zimbardo study, before the widespread practice of IRBs were firmly established. Also like the

The legality of lying Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The legality of lying - Research Proposal Example This is not always the case, and later in this discussion, it will come to light that not all lies are bad and not all lies are good either. Project overview In the efforts to find effective conclusions, the study will be guided by the objective of assessing the legality of lying. In order for the study, to achieve its objectives, a wide range of literatures will be consulted. This will include books, internet search, journals, and relevant researches. In this regard, a clear articulation of concepts related to lying and their legalities will be prioritised. This can be argued to be necessary because the law has been under siege for the allegations of it being selective in its application. For example, when a policemen lies before a court of law by a way of exaggerating the situation in order irritate the accused in bid to pressure him/her tell the truth, this kind of lying could be necessary in helping the court assess the truth. The study finds it necessary to utilise secondary dat a in its methodology because they will give a wide range of information, which will help understand the phenomena at hand. In the analysis of the data, grounded theory will be utilised in order to have a comprehensive analysis. The study will benefit various legal institutions and open up a wider view of how the issue lying is applicable in various legal concepts. Politicians Basing one’s argument on the sensitivity of their positions in society, the question then beckons; is it okay to lie? A politician is always under scrutiny from the public either directly or through intermediaries like the media on all actions that they take whether in their public or private lives. There are at times justifications where lying is acceptable. It is often in cases where politicians cannot really explain their actions, for example, in international affairs that they find solace in lying (Mearsheimer 2011). When British parliamentarians made claims to the exchequer for additional funds thro ugh making false claims, there was an uproar which saw them return the excess funds and apologize for having done so. This is a case where lies were made to benefit the politicians. Looking at this case study, the question that lingers on one’s mind is what are the benefits that accrue to lying? For example, a government can opt to exaggerate the situation at hand in order to obtain grants or monetary assistance from the international community. Nevertheless, some politicians have tendencies of using lies for their own personal gains. This can be viewed as a breach of law. On the other hand, although it can be claimed that some forms of lying can be recognised as being legal, it depends with the gravity of the consequences of that particular lying, and how the party involved can defend their actions legally. The severity of lying coming from a politician will mainly depend on the matter at hand. Every leader’s main goal in life is to ensure that the best interests of h is country are upheld. If a leader finds it necessary to lie about a certain leader who oppresses people and that if those lies help remove the oppressor from power and that this will benefit the greater majority of citizens, in such a case, though unprofessional, the lie will be justified. On the other han

Science Trivias Essay Example for Free

Science Trivias Essay There are 62,000 miles of blood vessels in the human body – laid end to end they would circle the earth 2.5 times A thimbleful of a neutron star would weigh over 100 million tons A typical hurricane produces the energy equivalent of 8,000 one megaton bombs Blood sucking hookworms inhabit 700 million people worldwide The interstellar gas cloud Sagittarius B contains a billion, billion, billion liters of alcohol Polar Bears can run at 25 miles an hour and jump over 6 feet in the air And they are nearly undetectable by infrared cameras, due to their transparent fur The selfish giant The giant had a beautiful garden. It had lovely green grass, peach trees and rich fruits. Birds sang there and children played. The giant was away staying at his friends place. When he came back he scared the children away from the garden. Now the children had no place to play and were sad. That year spring came all over the country but not in the giant’s garden. It remained covered with snow frost and hail. No flowers bloomed neither did the birds sing. One morning he found flowers in the garden, the birds singing and found children on the branches of the trees. But there was still winter in one corner of the garden. There was a little boy in that corner who could not climb the trees. The giant came out and helped him to climb the tree. He also played with the children. The little child kissed the giant. This melted the giant’s heart. The children played everyday in the garden after school. One afternoon the little child was missing. The giant looked for him daily but couldn’t find him. Years passed. The giant grew old and weak. One winter morning that very child was again seen in the garden. The giant ran to him and found that the child had prints of nails on his palms and feet. The child said that they were the wounds of love. He said he wanted to take him to his garden, which is the Paradise. That afternoon the children found the giant lying dead and covered with flowers in the garden. film review: the sound of music: This classic musical continues to have wide appeal despite, or perhaps even because of, its cringe factor. Like that other widely-popular sing-a-long extravaganza, The Rocky Horror Picture Show, The Sound Of Music draws loyal and enthusiastic audiences as well as newcomers who wonder what all the fuss is about. The mostly-happy Cinderella tale of nun-turned-governess-turned-wife, however, aims straight for the family market. Maria (a smiley Julie Andrews) does her best as governess to the seven wealthy but unruly von Trapp children. It wont spoil the movie to reveal that she wins over not only the children, but their stern naval-officer father (Christopher Plummer in fine form) with her musical talents and upbeat view on life. For those of us who grew up watching it every year on TV at Christmas, the nostalgia it evokes contributes to a strange bond with people from around the world, so that someone from Canada might find themselves laughing, and yes, even cringing, with a South African who knows all the songs from the film. There is more than nostalgia and family values, however, to this movie. The true story of the von Trapps takes place during the Nazi occupation of Austria, following which the family is forced to make a daring escape through the Alps. Mostly, however, this is a tale about looking on the sunny side of life, accompanied by such classic songs as My Favourite Things and Do-Re-Mi. Anyone who appreciates the power of music cant deny the strange uplifting charm of this admittedly sappy movie.

San Francisco and Influenza :: Journalism Spanish Flu Health Essays

San Francisco and the Spanish Flu SAN FRANCISCO--No one can deny the amount of patriotism San Franciscans have for their country especially during the Great War. Rallying, Parading, and marching down the streets of San Francisco are where these civilians choose to be, whether they like wearing gauze masks or not. Such undertakings, however, are exactly the kinds of activities a community seeking to protect itself from Spanish Influenza should definitely avoid. With the commotion of World War I many San Franciscans fail to notice the rapid rate at which people are falling victim to the epidemic influenza. Origins at this time are not specifically known although it was dubbed the name, Spanish Flu, for its early affliction and large mortality rates in Spain. The influenza, also known as the Spanish Flu, is affecting roughly all of northern California economically and socially whether San Franciscans notice it or not. Several schools, churches, and buildings are closed due to preventive orders by authorities. Insurance companies and the Government are spiraling downwards financially as they become responsible for the victims of this deadly influenza. Moreover, ordinances mandated the wearing of gauze masks in public places. Such laws are outraging civilians as well as important politicians. Individuals against the mandatory wearing of gauze masks appealed the law while others chose to be arrested rather than wear the masks. Governor Stephens attempted to set an example for all Californians by wearing a gauze mask to a meeting at the Capitol. Even state senators are ordered to wear masks when attending meetings in the senate. On January 12, the public health committee of the Alameda County Medical Society suggested and presented codes of conduct to combat the influenza epidemic. The Medical Society advise civilians to wear gauze masks when congregating with two or more people. Military reservations and forts are being quarantined to halt the spread of the influenza epidemic. Agreements cannot be made between local authorities and civilians nor can they accept the safety precautions local authorities are trying to apply. While newspapers such as The San Francisco Chronicle have explosive front page headlines of the war, the deadly influenza epidemic seems miniscule in comparison. There are far too many articles on insignificant stories of divorces, crimes, and debutantes of San Francisco. Of what was actually mentioned in between the pages of war talk were the repeals over the laws requiring civilians to wear gauze masks.

Effects of Google Translate on Vocabulary

Effects of Google Translate on Vocabulary Acquisition and Reading Comprehension BY traveler0527 Effects of Google Translate on Vocabulary Acquisition and Reading Comprehension Abstract With the rapid development of technology, more modern ways are applied to English learning. Though technology towards language learning has been extensively studied in recent years, the influences of online translation are seldom examined. This study investigates the effects of Google translate on English vocabulary acquisition and article comprehension. It was hypothesized that Google translate can improve students' performance in both aspects.The research was evaluated by an experiment which needed participants to read one article and finish some related quizzes. To make a comparison, participants were divided into two groups with only one can use Google translate. The results were unexpected. It seems that Google translate does not has a significant positive effect to help students learn English voc abulary and to improve reading comprehension. Students who learn English, teachers who want to help their students make progress and researchers in this area could benefit from this study.Introduction The rapid development of technology in recent decades benefits the education area. Besides traditional teaching methods, more approaches are employed in language learning to help learners make progress. Many studies have focused on impacts of different kinds of technology on English learning. Previous research from Kung and Chuo (2002) affirmed that college students acknowledge the Internet as a useful tool to learn English. Chun and Plass (1996) suggested that with multimedia program to assist high school students in reading articles, the rate of incidental vocabulary learning increased.However, few studies have examined the effects of online translation service on English learning. Research studies both vocabulary learning and reading comprehension is also difficult to find. Therefor e, further investigations are needed. This research is aimed at investigating the influences of Google translate on vocabulary learning and reading comprehension. Google translate is a kind of free online language translation service which can instantly translate text or web pages into numerous different languages. Vocabulary learning is an important and fundamental aspect of English study which stresses cognition and use of words.Additionally, reading comprehension is an ability to understand articles which elated to recognition of content and grasp of main ideas. The lack of previous research on this topic leads to the research question: Do students who use Google translate to help them learn English have higher efficiency than students who do not? It was hypothesized that Google translate will improve students' understanding of unfamiliar words and the content of an article. Methodology Sample The sample participating in this experiment consisted of 1 1 students from Yl- are non- native English speakers.Material Google translate, which is capable to offer translation of text immediately and can un perfectly on laptops, was used as assistance for the experiment group and defined as the independent variable. A relatively new article excerpted from Slate Magazine which is about business and trade was adopted as the test material. With an academic style and approximately 700 words, this article can be difficult to understand. A quiz related to the article consisting of 8 questions about vocabulary learning and 2 questions about reading comprehension was also used.The first 8 questions ask participants to choose the right words to fill in 8 incomplete sentences. The last 2 questions are multiple choice questions. Procedure Several meetings were held to design the experiment and the quiz. After that, the whole experiment was piloted in the researcher team to check the validity of questions and to ensure there would be sufficient time for participants to finish the reading task and the quiz. Another purpose is to make every researcher be familiar with the process. The formal experiment was conducted on 19th April in the EAP classroom.All members of the research team were required to bring laptops in order to run Google translate. First, participants were divided into two groups randomly. 6 tudents in the experiment group were allowed to use Google translate during the reading time. Other 5 students were treated as the control group. Then, a 3-minute- long brief guidance including rules of the experiment was given to participants. Next, paper copies of the article were given out and 1 5 minutes were arranged for participants to read.The experiment group was allowed to use Google translate when they encounter unfamiliar words or sentences, whereas the control group should read through the paper without any assistance. For both groups, taking notes and making marks in the reading paper were forbidden. Afterwards, quiz papers were distributed to evaluate participants' learning outcomes and Google translate is banned to use. Participants were given 15 minutes to finish the quiz. Finally, all the papers were collected. The whole experiment was conducted in the EAP classroom and last for approximately 40 minutes.After the experiment, the research team gathered to mark quiz papers and the results were analyzed by using a data- recording table. Result and analysis The aim of this experiment is to define whether Google translate can help students learn English more efficiently. Without the independent variable, which is Google ranslate, all other conditions were kept the same to both groups. Therefore, it seems fair to say the experiment was conducted in a Just way. The most important finding is one that out of the researchers' expectation. The average grade of control group is nearly 1. 2 times higher than the experiment group (Figure 1).It reflects that the control group had a better performance during the test. Considering the result contraries to the hypothesis, deep analyses were given. The possible reasons are as follows. Firstly, because of the lack of a pre-test to divide subjects, there may be a hance to put students who are good at English in the control group. Secondly, participants who have the privilege to use Google translate may rely on it whenever understanding of the content and the efficient use of context. Thirdly, since participants in experiment group needed to switch between the papers and laptops, it is hard for them to concentrate on the article.Fourthly, as Google translate can only give one simple definition of the word or phrase, this could be inaccurate and sometimes could mislead those students. After data were entered in an Excel spreadsheet, the accuracy of every question was alculated. As the Figure 2 below illustrates, the overall accuracy of the control group is higher than the experiment group except for question 5 and 8. No one in the control group answered correctly to t he fifth question and one third of them gave wrong answers to the eighth question.These two questions are aimed at testing students' understanding of the meaning of new words. Google translate gives the right explanations which are consistent with the meaning in the content. This may indicate that Google translate can help students gain the meaning of some words which have clear and simplex meaning. However, the last question, which is a multiple choice question about reading comprehension, none in the experiment group gave the right answer while almost half of the students in the control group chose the correct one.The data suggests that students in the control group had a better understanding about the main ideas of the article. This may because there was no equipment to distract their attention and all they could do during the first part of the test was to read the whole content thoroughly. Another question that worth being discussed according to the Figure is the sixth question, all participants in he experiment, no matter which group they belonged to, failed to answer it. The question is: Even so, it is unclear how much the shift to inland growth really has. The correct word be chosen from the box is â€Å"momentum†.From the experiment group's perspective, it is proper to surmise that the Chinese translation given by Google translate is inapposite and not related to the content tightly. This made it tough for those who take Google translate as a helper. From the control group' viewpoints, it may perhaps be that the context is complex and the meaning is hard to guess. Another factor that needs to be concerned is the question itself because it is a compound sentence and difficult to understand. To brief summarize, Google vocabulary and improve the comprehension of reading.Conclusion One of the most important findings is that the control group performed better with higher marks on average in the experiment about whether Google translate is helpful for students to learn new words and to understand better about the content when they read an article. Another interesting finding is that Google translate can be very useful when the target word has a definite meaning and at the same time, be very imited when relate to the text comprehension. In general, the findings are unexpected and contradict the hypothesis which claims that Google translate can have positive effects to English learners.It is also contradictory to the findings of Peters (2007), which claims that the use of online dictionary can enhance vocabulary acquisition. To sum up, though Google translate is useful when readers want to find students when they read an article or encounter words with multi-meanings. The unanticipated findings may relate to some limitations of this experiment. First, the topic is limited. Since the research topic is to examine the effects of technology on English learning, it can contain many subareas. For example, reading, listening, speaking an d writing.The research group only focused on 2 English learning aspects: vocabulary and text learning. Even the vocabulary contains lots of inspection points, such as spelling, pronunciation and word meaning. Also, use Google translate to represent technology is one-sided. There are other kinds of technology like software, recorder and e-dictionary. Second, for the experiment, the sample size is too small and lack of diversity. All 11 participants are year 1 students with the same major from the same education background. In addition, the gender proportion is unbalanced.Meanwhile, a pre-test about the English level of the participants is lacked. Moreover, the function of Google translate is inadequate. In brief, the limitations are in two aspects: topic and the design of the experiment and these may lead to the unpredicted findings. The findings of this report lead to some recommendations. Firstly, students who learn English at the beginning level can use Google translate to find th e meaning of the words, phrases and sentences to help them understand the ontent. However, it is not suggested to rely on Google translate to find definitions of every words.Secondly, teachers who want to help their students make progress in English learning could use Google translate as assistance more appropriately and efficiently in the aspect of simplex-meaning word acquisition. It is also advised that teachers should encourage students to think more by themselves actively and avoid using Google translate to find the meaning of every new word. Thirdly, researchers in this area can gain useful information about the effects of online translation service n English vocabulary learning and reading comprehension.

In Twelve Angry Men Rose Shows That Doubt Is an Easier State of Mind Than Certainty Essay

Set in the sweltering summer of 1954, Reginald Rose’s socially insightful play â€Å"Twelve Angry Men†, illustrates the dangers of a justice system that relies on twelve individuals to reach a â€Å"life or death† decision with collective states of minds hindered by â€Å"personal prejudice†. At the conception of the play, rose explores the idea that doubt is a harder state of mind than certainty by portraying doubt, in the guilt of the boy, as a minority view within the courtroom. However, as the play progresses a seed of doubt is planted and the importance of self prejudice hindering the verdict is removed, making it harder for the jurors to hold their certainty in their guilty verdict. At the conception of Twelve Angry Men, Rose exposes the audience to the devastating heat in the jury room which over looks the â€Å"New York sky line† on what is described as â€Å"the hottest day of the the year†. At this stage it is revealed to the audience the apathetic nature of jury members, uninterested in the â€Å"grave responsibility† they have in deciding the fate of the â€Å"16 year old boys life† and more interested with the goal of escaping the plain, oven like jury room. With each juror being blinded by the thick glaze of heat In front of them a verdict of guilty becomes the instinctive state of mind and the room for reasonable doubt is eliminated from all but one. The author, Reginald Rose displays through juror 8 that to be doubtful when challenging a majority becomes a harder state of mind, â€Å"as it’s not easy to stand alone against the ridicule of other† at this moment juror 8 initiates his campaign that we can never be certain about anything, we can only make assumptions based on the information provided. As juror 8’s campaign continues, and the seed of doubt planted into the â€Å"guilty† minded jury members is fertilised thorough the analysing of facts the reasonable doubt slowly grows in the jurors minds, the audience begin to create an understanding that doubt is an easier state of mind than certainty, as to be doubtful you are not accountable to that single view, as we are reminded in the text from juror 8 â€Å"I don’t know whether I believe it or not† parting him from the majority but lowering the conflict, as he is not certain about the innocence of the boy rather not feeling not comfortable to raise his â€Å"hand and send a boy off to die without talking  about it first†, making the doubtful state of mind an easier sense of conscience although a harder sense to preach onto the other jury members who consist of the majority. Towards the conclusion of the play twelve angry men, doubt begins to become an easier state of mind as the persuasion of doubt is created through a range of events that after previously being concrete are now questioned, and the â€Å"not guilty† verdict is now the majority verdict, this releases the oppressively hot environment of the jury room through the delivery of rain, representing a Burst of relief and fresh air for the jurors. Although, Reginald Rose decisively leaves one jury member (3) who is still stuck in the train of personal prejudice and believes the kid â€Å"knifed his father 6 inches into the chest†. Juror 3s certain state of mind portrays him as the villain of twelve angry men, a man who is blinded by his own personal outside influences and is illustrated as a stubborn man with no â€Å"integrity† when defending his view of â€Å"guilty†, this shows that his state of mind being â€Å"guilty† now becomes the harder state of mind as he is left as the minority, and could not separate personal prejudice when dealing with the fate of another’s life, effecting his judgement. After juror 3 finally splits his relationship between his son and the 16 year old boy on trial a â€Å"not-guilty† verdict is delivered to the judge. Reginald Rose shows his intended audience at the conception of the film that doubt is the harder state of mind as juror 8 views on the boy and trial is challenging the majority, although throughout the progression of the play, not one juror member is able to hold his certainty, making doubt an easier state of mind as they do not have to hold a certain point of view and are not accountable to that single certain view.

Motivational Strategies

Motivational Strategies Motivation theories were for a long time used in the field of psychology, especially in counseling and behavior change practices. A lot of achievements have been made in the use of motivational theories in the field of psychology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the recent times, motivational theories have been heavily integrated into the field of business and general management. This is because organizations depend on their employees as the chief assets in the attainment of organizational goals (Mckenna, 2000). Therefore, motivation has become an indispensable tool in management due to the emerging challenges in management. These challenges include stiff competition and a volatile business environment (Beck, 2004). Motivation theories, as applied in business, are used during the motivation of employees in order to enhance employee delivery and thus leading to performance improvement. Also, in business, motivational theories have helped many organizations to focus the efforts of the workers on the real goals of the business as they perform their duties. There are many theories of motivation that are applied in different ways, and in different business organizations. However, they end up serving the same function, which is establishing a motivated workforce for improved performance and productivity (Gitman McDaniel, 2009). This paper discusses how motivation has been applied at the place of work and goes further to explain the impact that this has had on productivity. The discussion focuses on business organizations.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the focus will be on the efforts of the organizations to motivate their employees and the outcomes of motivation in the organization. Motivational Strategies in Business Firms In business organizations, business ideas and strategies are often invented. These ideas have to be translated into reality that is depicted in business outcomes. This is done by the workforce of the organization. Inspiration encourages the hatching of new ideas, but for these ideas to be tamed and implemented, motivation of the workforce is needed. Motivation ensures that workers put significant effort in their duties so that the business ideas that result from inspiration become successful. Several motivational strategies can be applied in business operations so as to excite employees (Wiley, 1997). One of the strongest motivational strategies that have been found to work well for business organizations is the maintenance of open communication among employees, and between employees and management. Employees of an organization need to have a feeling that they count in the organization and that their ideas are taken into account by their managers. When this happens, the employ ees will feel more inclusive. They thus become more responsible as in the aspect of ownership is instilled through open communication (Gaspar, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A strategy that accompanies good communication and is embedded in communication is feedback. When it is well utilized, it bears more results than even financial rewards as these rewards are easily forgotten when the money has been used by the beneficiary. Frequent availing of positive feedback to employees accompanied by a team oriented environment makes a big difference in shaping the behavior of employees. It makes employees have the sense of value in the company, and thus the commitment level of employees to the company goes up. Positive feedback communication is molded as a culture in the organization. One company that has been utilizing this for quite some time is Tejas Securi ties Group Incorporated. This strategy has helped the company to maintain its staff for a long time and in expanding the activities of the company (Fielding, 2012). In a business, the most important motivational strategy is rewards. Workers will only be motivated by the success of the company when they are rewarded as a result of the success. Rewards can be in the form of material or in financial terms. The employees will always work hard to avoid failure as they know that if they fail, they will lose on rewards. This stems from having been rewarded previously. The employees increase their efforts when there are considerable rewards that are associated to success. A good example can be seen in the quarterly sales bonuses within a business. Salesmen show significant commitment to the sales function when there are high bonuses attached to a certain percentage of sales quotas (Mckenna, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Employee empowerment also goes a step further in employee motivation. The management of most business organizations has acknowledged the importance for each employee of their companies to have a strong grasp of their tasks as concerning their job in the company. Empowerment is a motivational strategy that gives power and authority to employees to manage themselves in their line of duty while in business. Empowerment aims to cut down the level of employee supervision. The principle of empowerment resonates from a psychological perspective. This perspective asserts that when people feel free in attending to a certain task, they become composed and will thus accomplish the task in a furnished way. Close supervision of employees causes panic and fear of doing the work badly, and this result in poor work. However, empowerment is attained when employees are fully trained and have shown that they have mastered their work and that they can accomplish their roles without a lot of dependency. Employees who show an initiative, a strong desire to diversify their duties and become efficient in their jobs are left to perform their duties independently. Empowerment is accompanied by thorough training (Gaspar, 2006). Motivational Theories and Application in Business Organizations There are very many behavioral theories that have been used to motivate employees and other stakeholders of organizations. They include Maslow’s theory of motivation; goal setting and activation; affect perseverance; and consistency, cognitive evolution, control, and drive reactance theories among many other theories (Mckenna, 2000). There are many theories that explain how employees can be motivated. However, there is one motivational theory that has gained wide usage in the day to day life. This is the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. It is a theory that aims at shaping behavior. This theory has been applied in many business strategies by different business firms, especially in hum an resources management. The theory has had a wide use in the motivation of employees and customers when it is used in marketing functions of companies. The theory classifies the needs of people from the simplest to the most complex. According to the theory, the behaviors and actions of people are shaped by their needs. Therefore, the fulfilling of the needs of people leads to a positive change in behavior (Madura, 2007). This theory has meaningful considerations in organizational management. It gives insights into the best means through which organizations can motivate their employees, customers, vendors and clients. Business managers utilize the theory to devise creative ways of motivating workers. This is done by looking at how employee needs relates to job design, and the compensation scheme of the organization. Business leaders, in most cases, use the strength of the psychological needs of employees. This is done by providing wages that are enough to enable employees meet their basic needs. Safety and security needs are met through the provision of job security, a safe working environment, and retirement among other benefits. Social needs are met by way of developing team work in the organization which makes employees feel as being part of the broader organization. In the development of products, companies ensure that they develop products that address the requirements of customers. For instance, companies will strive to produce goods that are on fashion and or whose taste is valued by customers at that time. The fashion industry is commonly associated with this in which case psychological needs self esteem and actualization play a key role in determining buying patterns. Also, companies try to diversify their products so that they can meet different needs of consumers. The more needs the product can meet, the higher number of customers the company is likely to gain (Madura, 2007). The other theory that enjoys wide usage is the goal setting theory. The th eory of goal setting has had a wide usage in industrial, as well as organizational psychology. Goal setting is a management practice that gives the organization a pivoting point for its operations. Goal setting itself is a process that entails the establishment of the level of performance. This ensures that desired business outcomes can be obtained. When employees realize that their current performance is not leading to the achievement of the desired goals, they get motivated to step up their efforts or rather adopt a new strategy that will enable them attain the stipulated goals. In most cases, goal setting emanates from the discontentment with the prevailing performance levels in the organization (Mckenna, 2000). Through goal setting, structures are laid down to direct the behavior and action of employees towards performance improvement. Acceptance of goals is a big milestone in performance improvement. The management sets and explains these goals to the employees. The employees b ecome motivated in the performance of their duties once they accept these goals. The management makes the employees have self-efficacy and importance. Importance is offered by way of availing all the machinery that will be needed in attaining the goals. Inspirational mentorship and good leadership help in instilling the act of self-efficacy in employees. Progress in goal attainment is achieved through feedback (Gitman McDaniel, 2009). As discussed earlier, feedback motivates employees by way of making them feel that they are adding value to the organization. In the case of goal attainment, feedback will help employees to know the amount or level of progress that has been made as they continue implementing programs. When employees realize that they have made much progress, they will be motivated to increase their input so as to ensure that the goal has been accomplished. On the other hand, when little progress is reported, the employees will not want to show or display any act of fa ilure due to self-efficacy. Therefore, they will employ all possible tactics to ensure that they finish the task (Gitman McDaniel, 2009). An example of organizations that apply the theory of goal setting in all levels of operations is the General Electric Company. The company has marked the idea that underlies the goal setting theory. The company ensures that their goals are part of the organizational mission and vision. Their set goals touch on all the aspects organizational operations. The goals are regularly reviewed, and improvements are enhanced so as to ease goal attainment (Redmond, 2012). References Beck, R.C. (2004). Motivation: Theories and principles. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Education. Fielding, R.L. (2012). Employee Motivation Strategies: Effective Solutions That Could Yield Maximum Profits. Web. Gaspar, J.E. (2006). Introduction to business. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co. Gitman, L.J. McDaniel, C.D. (2009). The future of business: The essentials. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Madura, J. (2007). Introduction to business. Mason, OH: Thompson/South-Western. Mckenna, E. (2000). Business psychology and Organizational Behavior. A Student’s Handbook. Third Edition. Philadelphia: Psychology Press Ltd. Redmond, B.F. (2012). Goal Setting Theory. Retrieved from: https://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/PSYCH484/6.+Goal+Setting+Theory Wiley, C. (1997). What motivates employees according to over 40 years of motivation surveys, International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 18 Iss: 3, pp.263 – 280.